Monday, August 6, 2007

An idle question:
Australia has a helluva lot of undeveloped land, used for low-density sheepherding because there's no water. A lot of farms were started in the early 1900s as the aussies pushed into the center of the country, which failed to be viable.
But, are there any crops that would be happy to grow on dry land, be resistant to drought, and would provide a biofuel? The key here is that Australia is in a unique position of being a first-world nation, with quick development times, but is located on terrible and valueless soil.
Answer?
RESEARCH INTO THE PRODUCTION OF BIO-DIESEL FROM PERENNIALS
A scoping study funded through South West Catchment Council (SWCC)/NationalAction Plan (NAP) into the development of industries for saline land, identified threeplant species suitable and potentially economically feasible for this environment. Themain product of two of these plant species, is the production of bio-diesel. Thementioned plant species are Moringa oleifera and Pongamia pinnata. Both are tolerant to high salinity levels, waterlogging, frost and drought. Their pods are harvested, meaning that the trees keep on growing, using water and reducing the high watertable whilst sequestrating carbon.
Bio-fuels must be sustainably, with these two plant species fitting all the criteria.
It is salt tolerant:Land salinasation is one of the greatest challenges to landproductivity and water resource management in the SW Agricultural region withdryland salinity affecting 30 per cent of the SW Agricultural Region in WesternAustralia (1 million hectares) or at risk of being affected in the future.
It can grow on marginal land: Traditional cropping of marginal land combined withcontinuous rising input costs is not economically viable. Land has to be farmedaccording to its capacity.
It sequester carbon and reduce greenhouse gasses: Climate change and greenhousegas emissions are becoming more important by the day. Addressing these issues aspart of every farming system is crucial, not only for the environment but also formarket access and premium prices.
It is an ethical land use: Utilising crops suitable for human consumption or landtraditionally producing grain for bio-fuel production is contentious, however thesetrees can be grown on marginal land. Supply and demand factors and energy balancemake other bio-fuels less of an option but the energy balance is positive for thesetrees and it does not compete with traditional food for human consumpton.Although the ideal climatic conditions for these plants are dry-temperate, they do grow in Mediterranean climates with not much known about yields in this environment. Because none of these plants is grown on a commercial scale in Australia, international data on yields was used for an analysis, which produced promising results in terms of profitability. These data suggests that:
Pongamia pinnata produce 2,000 – 4,000 litre bio-diesel per ha per year.Production starts from year 4 onwards. The oilcake is used for fertiliser andcontains a natural insecticide. Water requirements under rain-fed conditions are500mm plus and internal rate of return calculated at 47 per cent (non-irrigated).
Moringa oleifera produce 1,000 to 2,000 litres bio-diesel per ha year. Productionstarts within a year and the oil cake and leaves are excellent stock feed. Minimumwater requirements under rain-fed start at 250mm whilst the internal rate of returnwas calculated at 84 per cent (non-irrigated).
>>>>1000 litres per hectare is astounding. For comparison:

1 comment:

Anonymous said...

Interesting to know.